A new meta-analysis published in Humanities and Social Sciences Communications has found that ChatGPT has a positive effect on student learning performance, with more moderate effects on student perception and higher-order thinking. The study, conducted by researchers at Hangzhou Normal University, analyzed data from 51 experimental and quasi-experimental studies carried out between November 2022 and February 2025. The analysis focused on three key outcomes: learning performance, learning perception, and higher-order thinking. ChatGPT showed a large effect size on learning performance (g = 0.867), and smaller but positive effects on learning perception (g = 0.456) and higher-order thinking (g = 0.457).
