As the education field continues to advance, industry–education integration has become a crucial strategy for enhancing teaching quality in applied universities. This study investigates how artificial intelligence, specifically the back propagation neural network (BPNN), can be applied within an industry–education integration framework to strengthen students’ skills and employability. A series of experiments were conducted to assess the model’s effectiveness in linking theoretical learning with practical experience, as well as in improving students’ hands-on and innovative abilities. Results demonstrate that the BPNN-optimized model substantially boosts students’ overall competencies.