Only 23 of the 50 institutions, which were chosen based on their performance on Times Higher Education’s 2023 World University Rankings, have listed on their webpages clear directions for instructors on the use of generative AI (GAI) tools in assessments – a “concerning” finding, according to Benjamin Moorhouse, an assistant professor of education at Hong Kong Baptist University who carried out the study, and his co-authors. “Without clear guidelines, instructors may take a defensive approach to GAI and adopt more in-class assessments or feel frustrated as they struggle to adapt their assessment practices without institutional guidance,” the researchers warn.